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The following web pages were developed by Unitfreak at physWiki.eeyabo.
{{Bully12|((({{CURRENTJULIANDAY}} - 2450986) * 86400) + 37 )/30.55}}
<hr>


Bully timestamps is an original research project designed with the following objectives in mind:
= Bully Metric =


# A timekeeping system which is sufficiently independent of Earth's motions and orientation, so that "leap" seconds, "leap" years, and other correctional adjustments are not required.
[https://physwiki.eeyabo.net/index.php/Bully_Metric Bully Metric (Development Page)]
# A timekeeping system which is fundamentally binary and compatible with computer architecture.
# A timekeeping system with enough scope to uniquely and unambiguously identify each point in time, beginning with the Big Bang, and continuing into the foreseeable future.
# A timekeeping system with a built-in mnemonic device, to promote education and understanding.


= What is the Bully time system? =
[https://en.m.wikiversity.org/wiki/Bully_Metric Bully Metric (Wikiversity Page)]


[[File:Bully Timestamps in relation to modern time keeping.png|frame|center|text-bottom|Figure 1: Modern Time Keeping]]
= Bully Timestamps =


The '''Bully''' time system is neither a clock nor a calendar.  Clocks are tied to the rotation of the Earth and measure [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Time Universal Time (UT)] in terms of days and fractions of days (for example: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hour hours], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minute minutes], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second seconds]).  Calendars are tied to changes in the seasons, which result from the orbit of the Earth around the Sun ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephemeris_time Ephemeris time]), and from the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial_precession precession] of the equinoxes.  Calendars measure time in terms of days, weeks, months, and years. Clocks and calendars are used for tracking biological processes such as setting a time to wake up in the morning or determining when to plant crops.  It is essential for clocks and calendars to remain correlated with the earth's actual orientation for proper management of biological processes.
[https://physwiki.eeyabo.net/index.php/Bully_Timestamps Bully Timestamps (Development Page)]


Since clocks and calendars are tied to the motion of the Earth, and these motions are somewhat irregular, it becomes necessary from time to time to insert leap seconds, or make other corrections, to keep clocks and calendars in sync with the Earth's actual orientation.  As shown in figure 1 above, the Earth's rotational motion (UT) can experience variations on the order of 500 milliseconds per year. The Earth's orbital motion (ET) can experience variations on the order of 40 milliseconds per year. During the 110 year period (1930 AD ... 2040 AD) shown in figure 1, the accumulation of Earth's rotational variations resulted in an increase of Delta T (ET-UT) from less than 25 seconds to more than 70 seconds.
[https://en.m.wikiversity.org/wiki/Bully_Timestamps Bully Timestamps (Wikiversity Page)]
 
The Bully time system (shown on the far right axis in figure 1) is not directly tied to the motions of the Earth, and hence, it is never necessary to insert leap seconds or other corrections into Bully timestamps. The Bully time system measures elapsed time and can be directly related to International Atomic Time (TAI), which is the passage of elapsed time as measured using atomic clocks.
 
== Timespan described by Bully Row timestamps ==
 
<math display="block">{16}^{12} \cdot 3055\ seconds = 27,249,360,000\ years</math>
 
A unique hexadecimal twelve digit Bully Row timestamp is realized every 3055 seconds TAI.  The universe is currently understood to be less than 13.8 billion years old, which means that there are enough unique Bully Row timestamps to span the entire age of the universe.
 
== Why do we need Bully timestamps ==
 
The inability of computers to predict long term variations in Earth's motion has resulted in the creation of multiple time standards. Each standard is a reflection of circumstances that existed during the deployment of a particular system. For example, as shown in figure 1 above, The GPS system was deployed January 6, 1980.  At that time, there was a Delta T adjustment (TT-UTC) of more than 51 "leap" seconds. The LORAN-C upgrade, on the other hand, occurred in 1972 when the Delta T adjustment (TT-UTC) was closer to 42 "leap" seconds. The resulting timestamps provided by GPS and LORAN-C differ by nine seconds due to the disparate circumstances under which these systems were deployed.  Also, LORAN-C timestamps differ by ten seconds from TAI due to the fact that TAI was deployed in 1958.
 
Click on the below links for a comparison of six time standards (local, UTC, GPS, Loran, and TAI):
 
[http://www.leapsecond.com/m/gps.htm LeapSecond.com]
 
[https://www.ipses.com/eng/in-depth-analysis/standard-of-time-definition ipses.com]
 
[http://www.csgnetwork.com/multitimedisp.html csgnetwork.com]
 
The unpredictability of leap second insertions is an ongoing source of confusion and expense.  Click on the following link for more information:
 
[[The second is broken]]
 
== Realized vs. Estimated Bully timestamps ==
 
Each Bully timestamp is realized exactly 3055 seconds TAI after the previous one.  However, since atomic time standards did not exist prior to the 1950's, any assignment of Bully timestamps prior to 1958 should be viewed as an estimate of how elapsed time might have transpired in the past, rather than an actual realization of Bully time. Bully time should only be considered "realized" when time is measured with an accuracy of <math>{10}^{-10}</math>.
 
=== Estimated Bully Time ===
 
[[History of Earth|Bully Row Timeline for the History of the Earth]]
 
=== Realized Bully Time ===
 
There have been over 655360 realized Bully timestamps (8209 27F9 0000 ... 8209 2804 0000) during the 66 years of modern atomic time keeping (1958 AD ... 2024 AD). Given the availability of atomic clocks, it is anticipated that Bully timestamps will continue to be realized with great regularity for the foreseeable future.  Each Bully timestamp should be considered "realized" after it occurs and is measured using precise clocks.
 
To avoid uncertainty, the following table
 
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-right: 0; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"
|+ Announced leap seconds to date
|-
! Year !! Previous Bully Row Timestamp !! International Atomic Time (TAI) <BR /> Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) !! TAI seconds per timestamp <BR /> UTC seconds per timestamp
|-
! 1958
|| 8209 27F9 9F04 || 1958-01-01 00:00:00.0024 TAI <BR />1958-01-01 00:00:00.0000 UTC|| 3055.0000000 sec <BR /> 3054.99995418 sec
|-
! 1959
|| 8209 27F9 C757 || 1959-01-01 00:00:00.4754 TAI <BR />1959-01-01 00:00:00.0000 UTC|| 3055.0000000 sec <BR />3054.99995466 sec
|-
! 1960
|| 8209 27F9 EFAA || 1960-01-01 00:00:00.9435 TAI <BR />1960-01-01 00:00:00.0000 UTC|| 3055.0000000 sec <BR />3054.99995369 sec
|-
! 1961
|| 8209 27FA 1819 || 1961-01-01 00:00:01.4228 TAI <BR />1961-01-01 00:00:00.0000 UTC|| 3055.0000000 sec <BR />3054.99995902 sec
|-
! 1962
|| 8209 27FA 406C || 1962-01-01 00:00:01.8459 TAI <BR />1962-01-01 00:00:00.0000 UTC|| 3055.0000000 sec <BR />3054.99996028 sec
|-
! 1963
|| 8209 27FA 68BE || 1963-01-01 00:00:02.2558 TAI <BR />1963-01-01 00:00:00.0000 UTC|| 3055.0000000 sec <BR />3054.99995060 sec
|-
! 1964
|| 8209 27FA 9111 || 1964-01-01 00:00:02.7658 TAI <BR />1964-01-01 00:00:00.0000 UTC|| 3055.0000000 sec <BR />3054.99992519 sec
|-
! 1965
|| 8209 27FA B980 || 1965-01-01 00:00:03.5401 TAI <BR />1965-01-01 00:00:00.0000 UTC|| 3055.0000000 sec <BR />3054.99992511 sec
|-
! 1966
|| 8209 27FA E1D3 || 1966-01-01 00:00:04.3132 TAI <BR />1966-01-01 00:00:00.0000 UTC|| 3055.0000000 sec <BR />3054.99990835 sec
|-
! 1967
|| 8209 27FB 0A26 || 1967-01-01 00:00:05.2592 TAI <BR />1967-01-01 00:00:00.0000 UTC|| 3055.0000000 sec <BR />3054.99990835 sec
|-
! 1968
|| 8209 27FB 3278 || 1968-01-01 00:00:06.2053 TAI <BR />1968-01-01 00:00:00.0000 UTC|| 3055.0000000 sec <BR />3054.99990835 sec
|-
! 1969
|| 8209 27FB 5AE8 || 1969-01-01 00:00:07.1540 TAI <BR />1969-01-01 00:00:00.0000 UTC|| 3055.0000000 sec <BR />3054.99990835 sec
|-
! 1970
|| 8209 27FB 833A || 1970-01-01 00:00:08.1001 TAI <BR />1970-01-01 00:00:00.0000 UTC|| 3055.0000000 sec <BR />3054.99990835 sec
|-
! 1971
|| 8209 27FB AB8D || 1971-01-01 00:00:09.0462 TAI <BR />1971-01-01 00:00:00.0000 UTC|| 3055.0000000 sec <BR />3054.99990835 sec
|}
 
The following table (derived from the Wikipedia "Leap Second" article), lists all leap second insertions that have occurred since the introduction of leap seconds.  For each leap second insertion, the below table lists the preceding Bully timestamp (that had been "realized" immediately prior to the leap second insertion), and the subsequent Bully timestamp (that was "realized" immediately after the leap second insertion).
 
A few details are worth noting in the table.  The TAI and UTC already differed by 10 seconds at the beginning of 1972, so when Bully Timestamp 8209 27FB E7FB was realized, the TAI time was 1972-06-30 23:34:45 TAI, whereas UTC time was 1972-06-30 23:34:35 UTC. An additional 27 leap seconds have been inserted into UTC during the fifty year period between 1972 and 2022, making a total of 37 leap seconds difference, so when Bully Row Timestamp 8209 2802 EBC0 was realized, the TAI time was 2017-01-01 00:32:00 TAI, whereas UTC time was 2017-01-01 00:31:23 UTC.  You will also note that Bully Row timestamps are realized during TAI times with a seconds value ending in five or zero.  The Bully Row and TAI both measure elapsed time as determined by atomic clocks, so these systems will always have this simple relationship.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-right: 0; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"
|+ Announced leap seconds to date
|-
! Year !! 30 Jun !! 31 Dec !! Bully Row Timestamp !! International Atomic Time (TAI) !! Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
|-
! 1972
|bgcolor="lime"| +1 ||bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 8209 27FB E7FB <br /> 8209 27FB E7FC <br /> 8209 27FB FC4F <br /> 8209 27FB FC50 || 1972-06-30 23:34:45 TAI <br /> 1972-07-01 00:25:40 TAI <br /> 1972-12-31 23:45:05 TAI <br /> 1973-01-01 00:36:00 TAI || 1972-06-30 23:34:35 UTC <br /> 1972-07-01 00:25:29 UTC <br /> 1972-12-31 23:44:54 UTC <br /> 1973-01-01 00:35:48 UTC
|-
! 1973
| 0 ||bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 8209 27FC 24A2 <br /> 8209 27FC 24A3 || 1973-12-31 23:57:50 TAI <br /> 1974-01-01 00:48:45 TAI || 1973-12-31 23:57:38 UTC <br /> 1974-01-01 00:48:32 UTC
|-
! 1974
| 0 ||bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 8209 27FC 4CF4 <br /> 8209 27FC 4CF5 || 1974-12-31 23:19:40 TAI <br /> 1975-01-01 00:10:35 TAI || 1974-12-31 23:19:27 UTC <br /> 1975-01-01 00:10:21 UTC
|-
! 1975
| 0 ||bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 8209 27FC 7547 <br /> 8209 27FC 7548 || 1975-12-31 23:32:25 TAI <br /> 1976-01-01 00:23:20 TAI || 1975-12-31 23:32:11 UTC <br /> 1976-01-01 00:23:05 UTC
|-
! 1976
| 0 ||bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 8209 27FC 9DB6 <br /> 8209 27FC 9DB7 || 1976-12-31 23:30:50 TAI <br /> 1977-01-01 00:21:45 TAI || 1976-12-31 23:30:35 UTC <br /> 1977-01-01 00:21:29 UTC
|-
! 1977
| 0 ||bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 8209 27FC C609 <br /> 8209 27FC C60A || 1977-12-31 23:43:35 TAI <br /> 1978-01-01 00:34:30 TAI || 1977-12-31 23:43:19 UTC <br /> 1978-01-01 00:34:13 UTC
|-
! 1978
| 0 ||bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 8209 27FC EE5C <br /> 8209 27FC EE5D || 1978-12-31 23:56:20 TAI <br /> 1979-01-01 00:47:15 TAI || 1978-12-31 23:56:03 UTC <br /> 1979-01-01 00:46:57 UTC
|-
! 1979
| 0 ||bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 8209 27FD 16AE <br /> 8209 27FD 16AF || 1979-12-31 23:18:10 TAI <br /> 1980-01-01 00:09:05 TAI || 1979-12-31 23:17:52 UTC <br /> 1980-01-01 00:08:46 UTC
|-
! 1981
|bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 0 || 8209 27FD 531C <br /> 8209 27FD 531D || 1981-06-30 23:19:00 TAI <br /> 1981-07-01 00:09:55 TAI || 1981-06-30 23:18:41 UTC <br /> 1981-07-01 00:09:35 UTC
|-
! 1982
|bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 0 || 8209 27FD 7B6F <br /> 8209 27FD 7B70 || 1982-06-30 23:31:45 TAI <br /> 1982-07-01 00:22:40 TAI || 1982-06-30 23:31:25 UTC <br /> 1982-07-01 00:22:19 UTC
|-
! 1983
|bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 0 || 8209 27FD A3C2 <br /> 8209 27FD A3C3 || 1983-06-30 23:44:30 TAI <br /> 1983-07-01 00:35:25 TAI || 1983-06-30 23:44:09 UTC <br /> 1983-07-01 00:35:03 UTC
|-
! 1985
|bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 0 || 8209 27FD F484 <br /> 8209 27FD F485 || 1985-06-30 23:55:40 TAI <br /> 1985-07-01 00:46:35 TAI || 1985-06-30 23:55:18 UTC <br /> 1985-07-01 00:46:12 UTC
|-
! 1987
| 0 ||bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 8209 27FE 597D <br /> 8209 27FE 597E || 1987-12-31 23:40:35 TAI <br /> 1988-01-01 00:31:30 TAI || 1987-12-31 23:40:12 UTC <br /> 1988-01-01 00:31:06 UTC
|-
! 1989
| 0 ||bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 8209 27FE AA3F <br /> 8209 27FE AA40 || 1989-12-31 23:51:45 TAI <br /> 1990-01-01 00:42:40 TAI || 1989-12-31 23:51:21 UTC <br /> 1990-01-01 00:42:15 UTC
|-
! 1990
| 0 ||bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 8209 27FE D291 <br /> 8209 27FE D292 || 1990-12-31 23:13:35 TAI <br /> 1991-01-01 00:04:30 TAI || 1990-12-31 23:13:10 UTC <br /> 1991-01-01 00:04:04 UTC
|-
! 1992
|bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 0 || 8209 27FF 0EFF <br /> 8209 27FF 0F00 || 1992-06-30 23:14:25 TAI <br /> 1992-07-01 00:05:20 TAI || 1992-06-30 23:13:59 UTC <br /> 1992-07-01 00:04:53 UTC
|-
! 1993
|bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 0 || 8209 27FF 3752 <br /> 8209 27FF 3753 || 1993-06-30 23:27:10 TAI <br /> 1993-07-01 00:18:05 TAI || 1993-06-30 23:26:43 UTC <br /> 1993-07-01 00:17:37 UTC
|-
! 1994
|bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 0 || 8209 27FF 5FA5 <br /> 8209 27FF 5FA6 || 1994-06-30 23:39:55 TAI <br /> 1994-07-01 00:30:50 TAI || 1994-06-30 23:39:27 UTC <br /> 1994-07-01 00:30:21 UTC
|-
! 1995
| 0 ||bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 8209 27FF 9C4B <br /> 8209 27FF 9C4C || 1995-12-31 23:12:05 TAI <br /> 1996-01-01 00:03:00 TAI || 1995-12-31 23:11:36 UTC <br /> 1996-01-01 00:02:30 UTC
|-
! 1997
|bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 0 || 8209 27FF D8B9 <br /> 8209 27FF D8BA || 1997-06-30 23:12:55 TAI <br /> 1997-07-01 00:03:50 TAI || 1997-06-30 23:12:25 UTC <br /> 1997-07-01 00:03:19 UTC
|-
! 1998
| 0 ||bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 8209 2800 1560 <br /> 8209 2800 1561 || 1998-12-31 23:36:00 TAI <br /> 1999-01-01 00:26:55 TAI || 1998-12-31 23:35:29 UTC <br /> 1999-01-01 00:26:23 UTC
|-
! 2005
| 0 ||bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 8209 2801 2FDC <br /> 8209 2801 2FDD || 2005-12-31 23:45:40 TAI <br /> 2006-01-01 00:36:35 TAI || 2005-12-31 23:45:08 UTC <br /> 2006-01-01 00:36:02 UTC
|-
! 2008
| 0 ||bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 8209 2801 A8F0 <br /> 8209 2801 A8F1 || 2008-12-31 23:18:40 TAI <br /> 2009-01-01 00:09:35 TAI || 2008-12-31 23:18:07 UTC <br /> 2009-01-01 00:09:01 UTC
|-
! 2012
|bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 0 || 8209 2802 3604 <br /> 8209 2802 3605 || 2012-06-30 23:45:00 TAI <br /> 2012-07-01 00:35:55 TAI || 2012-06-30 23:44:26 UTC <br /> 2012-07-01 00:35:20 UTC
|-
! 2015
|bgcolor="lime"| +1 || 0 || 8209 2802 AEFC <br /> 8209 2802 AEFD || 2015-06-30 23:32:20 TAI <br /> 2015-07-01 00:23:15 TAI || 2015-06-30 23:31:45 UTC <br /> 2015-07-01 00:22:39 UTC
|-
! 2016
| 0 ||bgcolor="lime"| +1  || 8209 2802 EBBF <br /> 8209 2802 EBC0 || 2016-12-31 23:41:05 TAI <br /> 2017-01-01 00:32:00 TAI || 2016-12-31 23:40:29 UTC <br /> 2017-01-01 00:31:23 UTC
|}
 
== Bully Timestamp Implementations ==
 
[https://bullyclock.eeyabo.net/ JavaScript Implementation]</includeonly>
</br>
[https://unitfreak.github.io/Bully-Row-Timestamps/Java_Bully_with_Astronomy.html JavaScript Implementation (github)]</includeonly>
</br>
[https://github.com/Unitfreak/Bully-Row-Timestamps/tree/main/ JavaScript Source Code (github)]</includeonly>
 
== Bully Row Blog Format ==
 
[https://bullyrowmetric.blogspot.com Bully Row Blog]
 
== The Bully Row Anthem ==
 
[https://www.youtube.com/embed/wf-4vexIOqc?si=oyfaNLWsyD82zyZ_| The Bully Row Anthem (Alan Doyle Cover)]
 
[https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bully| The earliest meaning of English bully was “sweetheart.” The word was probably borrowed from Dutch boel, “lover.” Later bully was used for anyone who seemed a good fellow.]

Latest revision as of 19:22, 19 October 2024

The following web pages were developed by Unitfreak at physWiki.eeyabo.

Bully Metric

Bully Metric (Development Page)

Bully Metric (Wikiversity Page)

Bully Timestamps

Bully Timestamps (Development Page)

Bully Timestamps (Wikiversity Page)

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